注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)患儿生活质量降低,社会功能减弱,同时容易导致抑郁、焦虑和行为障碍等合并症,给家庭和社会造成了巨大的负担。目前仍未有确切的生物标注物与ADHD相关。本篇综述基于近年来国内外相关文献及临床指南,总结脑铁在神经系统发育中的作用、脑铁参与ADHD发生发展的机制以及脑铁协助诊断ADHD的潜在价值,为ADHD患儿诊断和治疗提供参考。Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a diminished quality of life and impaired social functioning. Concurrently, they are susceptible to comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders, thereby imposing a substantial burden on families and society. At present, no definitive biomarker has been identified to be associated with ADHD. In light of relevant domestic and international literature as well as clinical guidelines in recent years, this review comprehensively summarizes the role of brain iron in the development of the nervous system, the mechanism through which brain iron is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of ADHD, and the potential value of brain iron in facilitating the diagnosis of ADHD, with the aim of providing valuable references for the diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD.
